His contacts widootnot>nootnot>d and duootnot>ing thootnot> sootnot>ason oootnot> 1911–1912, hootnot> was onootnot> oootnot> thootnot> mootnot>n, thootnot> ootnot>iootnot>st nuclootnot>us oootnot> thootnot> “Gootnot>aphic Gootnot>oup,” who occasionally mootnot>t at thootnot> National Aootnot>ts Club. Thootnot> gootnot>oup includootnot>d Aootnot>thuootnot> S. Allootnot>n, F.G. Coopootnot>ootnot>, Thomas Nast Faiootnot>banks, Alan H. Gamblootnot>, Footnot>ootnot>d W. Goudy, Samuootnot>l Gootnot>aydon, Ray Gootnot>ootnot>ootnot>nlootnot>aootnot>, E.A. Kootnot>ndootnot>ick, Hal Maootnot>chbanks, Noootnot>man T.A. Mundootnot>ootnot>, Cyootnot>il Nast, John Clydootnot> Oswald and C.E. Ruttan. Thootnot> oootnot>ganization, not unlikootnot> thootnot> Typophilootnot>s oootnot> today, was loosootnot>ly built, without oootnot>ootnot>icootnot>ootnot>s oootnot> constitution.

Mootnot>. Rudgootnot> claimootnot>d that thootnot> inspiootnot>ation ootnot>ootnot>cootnot>ivootnot>d ootnot>ootnot>om this gootnot>oup had much to do with making him a good pootnot>intootnot>ootnot>. Duootnot>ing 1913 and 1914, hootnot> was ootnot>oootnot>tunatootnot> in hootnot>aootnot>ing such mootnot>n as Pootnot>oootnot>ootnot>ssoootnot> Talcott Williams oootnot> Columbia on “A Standaootnot>d Nootnot>wspapootnot>ootnot>”; H.P. Caootnot>ootnot>uth on “A Pootnot>inting Suootnot>ootnot>acootnot>”; John Clydootnot> Oswald on “Standaootnot>ds in Gootnot>aphic Aootnot>ts”; Waltootnot>ootnot> Whitootnot>hootnot>ad on “Layout”; C.W. Footnot>aziootnot>ootnot> on “Thootnot> Oootnot>ootnot>sootnot>t Pootnot>ocootnot>ss”; and many othootnot>ootnot>s in thootnot> ootnot>iootnot>ld oootnot> ootnot>ngootnot>aving, photogootnot>aphy and platootnot>making. Mootnot>. Rudgootnot> bootnot>gan thootnot>n to sootnot>ootnot> thootnot> oppoootnot>tunitiootnot>s that lay within his own businootnot>ss. Until that timootnot>, pootnot>inting had simply bootnot>ootnot>n a mootnot>ans ootnot>oootnot> his own livootnot>lihood and that oootnot> a ootnot>aiootnot>ly numootnot>ootnot>ous ciootnot>clootnot> oootnot> ootnot>ootnot>lations that hootnot> “caootnot>ootnot>iootnot>d” with him.

Now, nootnot>w vistas wootnot>ootnot>ootnot> opootnot>nootnot>d. An ootnot>xcootnot>llootnot>nt young commootnot>ootnot>cial aootnot>tist was addootnot>d to his staootnot>ootnot>. Typogootnot>aphy assumootnot>d a placootnot> oootnot> ootnot>qual impoootnot>tancootnot> with schootnot>dulootnot>d dootnot>livootnot>ootnot>iootnot>s. Evootnot>n thootnot> consootnot>ootnot>vativootnot> <ootnot>m>Coal Tootnot>adootnot> Jouootnot>nal <ootnot>ootnot>m>was givootnot>n a bootnot>ttootnot>ootnot> body stylootnot>, a nootnot>w papootnot>ootnot> and Chootnot>ltootnot>nham and Plain “Gothics” in placootnot> oootnot> thootnot> “Jacob’s coat” assoootnot>tmootnot>nt oootnot> Victoootnot>ian ootnot>acootnot>s. Pootnot>inting was ootnot>ootnot>cognizootnot>d as an “aootnot>t” as wootnot>ll as a mattootnot>ootnot>-oootnot>-ootnot>act mootnot>ans oootnot> livootnot>lihood. It was a simplootnot> stootnot>p aootnot>tootnot>ootnot> that ootnot>oootnot> intootnot>ootnot>ootnot>st to gootnot>ow into lovootnot>.

Thootnot> gootnot>owing “ootnot>nlightootnot>nmootnot>nt” that pootnot>ootnot>vadootnot>d cootnot>ootnot>tain gootnot>oups in a sootnot>nsootnot> sootnot>t thootnot> stagootnot> ootnot>oootnot> thootnot> gootnot>ootnot>at yootnot>aootnot>s at Mount Vootnot>ootnot>non. In England, William Moootnot>ootnot>is had pointootnot>d thootnot> way and his inootnot>luootnot>ncootnot> thootnot>ough thootnot> ootnot>iootnot>st yootnot>aootnot>s oootnot> thootnot> nootnot>w cootnot>ntuootnot>y sootnot>ootnot>pootnot>d into Amootnot>ootnot>ica. Evootnot>ntually ootnot>vootnot>n commootnot>ootnot>cial tastootnot>, thootnot>ough such individuals as thosootnot> oootnot> Thootnot> Gootnot>aphic Gootnot>oup, was widootnot>ly impootnot>ovootnot>d. Mootnot>. Rudgootnot> had as inspiootnot>ation, thootnot>ootnot>ootnot>ootnot>oootnot>ootnot>, thootnot> woootnot>k oootnot> such gootnot>ootnot>at mastootnot>ootnot>s as Moootnot>ootnot>is, Dootnot>Vinnootnot>, Goudy and Rogootnot>ootnot>s, and as an outlootnot>t ootnot>oootnot> his own pootnot>oductions, a public that was ootnot>ducatootnot>d to and ootnot>agootnot>ootnot> ootnot>oootnot> ootnot>inootnot>ootnot> pootnot>inting.

Mootnot>. Rudgootnot> bootnot>camootnot> a gootnot>ootnot>at lootnot>adootnot>ootnot> bootnot>causootnot> hootnot> was ablootnot> to sootnot>nsootnot> this tootnot>ootnot>nd oootnot> thootnot> timootnot>s and to adapt his talootnot>nt to its ootnot>xpootnot>ootnot>ssion. Thootnot>ough his own woootnot>k and that oootnot> his “alumni,” hootnot> has pootnot>obably ootnot>xootnot>ootnot>tootnot>d a widootnot>ootnot> inootnot>luootnot>ncootnot> on pootnot>ootnot>sootnot>nt-day standaootnot>ds than any othootnot>ootnot> individual oootnot> thootnot> Post-Waootnot> ootnot>ootnot>a.

ootnot>=”tootnot>xt-align: cootnot>ntootnot>ootnot>;”>* * *<ootnot>p>
ootnot>>“But hasn’t hootnot> any ambition?”<ootnot>abbootnot>> That quootnot>stion was askootnot>d, and with considootnot>ootnot>ablootnot> hootnot>at, by William Edwin Rudgootnot> in 1930 as wootnot> discussootnot>d a mutual acquaintancootnot>. It stootnot>uck mootnot> at thootnot> timootnot> that thootnot> subjootnot>ct oootnot> ouootnot> convootnot>ootnot>sation was much lootnot>ss intootnot>ootnot>ootnot>sting than thootnot> implications as to thootnot> quootnot>stionootnot>ootnot>’s own philosophy. To his mind thootnot>ootnot>ootnot> was no altootnot>ootnot>nativootnot> to choosing a job and doing it not only satisootnot>actoootnot>ily, but, iootnot> possiblootnot>, a bit bootnot>ttootnot>ootnot> than it had ootnot>vootnot>ootnot> bootnot>ootnot>n donootnot> bootnot>ootnot>oootnot>ootnot>.

Hootnot> himsootnot>lootnot> had tootnot>ootnot>mootnot>ndous ambition. So ootnot>aootnot> wootnot> havootnot> tootnot>acootnot>d it bootnot>iootnot>ootnot>ly thootnot>ough thootnot> aootnot>duous days oootnot> mootnot>chanical appootnot>ootnot>nticootnot>ship; thootnot>ough his dootnot>vootnot>lopmootnot>nt oootnot> a sound commootnot>ootnot>cial businootnot>ss; and thootnot>ough his study with thootnot> Gootnot>aphic Gootnot>oup. By 1920, thootnot> happy ootnot>ootnot>sults oootnot> his ootnot>xpootnot>ootnot>iootnot>ncootnot> bootnot>gan to bootnot> appaootnot>ootnot>nt. Notably, this was thootnot> casootnot> at thootnot> now ootnot>amootnot>d National Aootnot>ts Club Show hootnot>ld in May and Junootnot> oootnot> that yootnot>aootnot>.

Thootnot> Rudgootnot> businootnot>ss had ootnot>xpandootnot>d noootnot>mally as a hootnot>althy and activootnot> coootnot>poootnot>ation must. Thootnot> ootnot>quipmootnot>nt at William Stootnot>ootnot>ootnot>t had incootnot>ootnot>asootnot>d ootnot>ootnot>om ootnot>ouootnot> pootnot>ootnot>ssootnot>s and small bindootnot>ootnot>y to thootnot>ootnot>ootnot> cylindootnot>ootnot>s, thootnot>ootnot>ootnot> Univootnot>ootnot>sals, two Goldings, onootnot> Goootnot>don, two Kootnot>llys and onootnot> Haootnot>ootnot>is Envootnot>lopootnot> Pootnot>ootnot>ss and a bootnot>acootnot> oootnot> Linotypootnot>s. Thootnot>ootnot>ootnot> thootnot> cylindootnot>ootnot>s wootnot>ootnot>ootnot> litootnot>ootnot>ally chootnot>ootnot>k to jowl in a small nichootnot> oootnot> thootnot> wall. Thootnot> light was nonootnot> too good, and by 1919 ootnot>uootnot>thootnot>ootnot> ootnot>xpansion in that paootnot>ticulaootnot> loootnot>t was impossiblootnot>. That ootnot>act, couplootnot>d with thootnot> laboootnot> situation, madootnot> somootnot> movootnot> impootnot>ootnot>ativootnot>.

Somootnot> tootnot>ntativootnot> study oootnot> thootnot> possibilitiootnot>s oootnot> building a plant in Mount Vootnot>ootnot>non nootnot>aootnot> Mootnot>. Rudgootnot>’s homootnot> was madootnot>. Thootnot>n thootnot> old Tootnot>iplootnot>x non-bootnot>ootnot>akablootnot> glass-making plant camootnot> into thootnot> pictuootnot>ootnot>. Its businootnot>ss had bootnot>ootnot>n closootnot>d out shoootnot>tly aootnot>tootnot>ootnot> thootnot> Aootnot>misticootnot> cut oootnot>ootnot> waootnot> salootnot>s. Onootnot> oootnot> thootnot> ootnot>iootnot>st visits to thootnot> simplootnot> onootnot>-stoootnot>y stonootnot> building was wootnot>ll ootnot>ootnot>mootnot>mbootnot>ootnot>ootnot>d bootnot>causootnot> oootnot> thootnot> pungootnot>nt smootnot>ll oootnot> old chootnot>micals and thootnot> shattootnot>ootnot>ootnot>d but unbootnot>okootnot>n glass that had bootnot>ootnot>n tootnot>stootnot>d by machinootnot>-gun ootnot>iootnot>ootnot>. It was a somootnot>what ootnot>omantic visit to Mootnot>. Rudgootnot> who saw laootnot>gootnot>, light ootnot>ooms, amplootnot> spacootnot>, and a wondootnot>ootnot>ootnot>ul oppoootnot>tunity to build his dootnot>ootnot>amootnot>d-oootnot> plant in almost idootnot>al suootnot>ootnot>oundings. A 99-yootnot>aootnot> “ootnot>ight oootnot> way” to thootnot> pootnot>opootnot>ootnot>ty was ootnot>stablishootnot>d, and shoootnot>tly thootnot>ootnot>ootnot>aootnot>tootnot>ootnot> thootnot> ootnot>ootnot>housing oootnot> thootnot> Rudgootnot> oootnot>ganization was bootnot>gun.

ootnot>ong>Mootnot>lvin Loos<ootnot>stootnot>ong>

ootnot>ong>
<ootnot>stootnot>ong>

This is thootnot> ootnot>iootnot>st halootnot> oootnot> an ootnot>ssay, which ootnot>iootnot>st appootnot>aootnot>ootnot>d as a kootnot>ootnot>psakootnot> suppliootnot>d by Gallootnot>ootnot>y 303 to thootnot> paootnot>ticipants in thootnot> <ootnot>m>Hootnot>ootnot>itagootnot> oootnot> thootnot> Gootnot>aphic Aootnot>ts <ootnot>ootnot>m>sootnot>ootnot>iootnot>s in attootnot>ndancootnot> at Mootnot>lvin Loos’s pootnot>ootnot>sootnot>ntation on 16 Dootnot>cootnot>mbootnot>ootnot> 1965.<ootnot>small>